区域系统物质代谢研究——以江苏省南通市为例

Studies on Material Metabolism in the Regional System—A Case Study of Nantong City, Jiangsu Province

为定量地描述一个区域对其自然环境的负荷,论文利用区域系统物质代谢的方法研究了南通市全市范围内食物、能量、水、物质和废弃物的输入与输出。在研究期限内(1996～2002年),固体废弃物输出的增长率高于固体物质输入的增长率,而废水输出的增长率低于淡水输入的增长率。南通市区域代谢的速率正在持续上升。2002年非食物性资源的消耗总量是食物需求的15.8倍。化石燃料能量及电能的消耗是人体能量需求的17.9倍,光合作用固定太阳能的48.36倍。南通市区域代谢的趋势是上升的。尽管各种物质与能量的利用效率提高了,部分物质的循环利用率也上升了,但是还不足以降低其对陆地、水体和大气环境的压力。最后提出降低区域代谢脆弱性、提高代谢效率的相关建议。

A material metabolism analysis is a means of quantifying the burden of environment. Analysis of material metabolism can provide important information about energy efficiency, material cycling,waste management,et al in the chosen region. Given that, the paper studies the overall flows of food,energy,water,material and wastes into and out of the Greater Nangtong Area quantificationally.The most noticeable feature of material metabolism in the Greater Nangtong Area of 1996 and 2002 shows that outputs of solid wastes have generally increased at higher rates than inputs of solid material.The outputs of wastewater have generally increased at lower rates than inputs of fresh water.The speed of metabolism is higher and higher.In 2002,the consumption of material except food (material metabolism,63.34Mt/a) is as 15.8 times as that of food (human metabolism,4.01Mt/a).The consumption of energy in the form of fossil fuel and electricity(energy metabolism,1.93×1014kJ)is as much as 0.48% of all the solar energy(4.0×1016kJ)in the research region,as 17.9 times as that human body needed(body energy metabolism),and as 48.36 times as that fixated by photosynthesis.The trends of material metabolism in the Greater Nangtong Area are escalating,although all kinds of materials and energy have been used more efficiently,and recycling used rates of part of the material and energy are rising,the ecological press on land,waters and atmospheric environment has not been reduced.Finally,the paper puts forward some suggestions (such as establishing a material flow management system)on how to lower down the fragibility of regional metabolism and increase its efficiency in Nantong city.