不同地区小儿病毒性肺炎病原学动态观察

Dynamic Etiological Observation of Different Areas in Children with Viral Pneumonia

目的 了解不同地区、不同年份小儿病毒性肺炎流行特点。方法 在不同年份采用单克隆抗体桥联酶标技术 ,在不同地区对病毒性肺炎患儿进行鼻咽分泌物脱落细胞病毒抗原测定。结果 62 7例患儿中阳性 2 90例 ,其中 2种病毒感染 1 4例。 30 4例阳性病毒株中呼吸道合胞病毒 71例 ,占 2 3 .35 % ;腺病毒 47例 ,占 1 5 .46 % ;流感病毒A 74例 ,占 2 4 .34 % ;流感病毒B50例 ,占 1 6 .44% ;副流感 1、3病毒 47例 ,占 1 5 .46 % ;副流感 2病毒 1 5例 ,占 4 .93 %。但在不同地区感染率最高的病毒株各有不同。病毒检出率以秋冬季为最高 ,夏季最低。病毒检出阳性率高峰年龄以及各种病毒感染的高峰年龄为 2～ 5岁。在不同年份各病毒检出阳性率不同。结论 流感病毒A是小儿病毒性肺炎的主要病原之一 ,但在不同地区其主要病原各有不同。秋冬季节是病毒感染高发季节。年长儿下呼吸道病毒感染的机会减少。在不同年份有不同的病毒株流行规律。

Objective To investigate the prevalent characteristics of children with viral pneumonia in different areas and years.Methods The viral antigen of cells of nasopharyngeal secretions was detected by the method of alkaline phosphatasea anti-alkalinephhosphatase in viral pneumonia children in different areas and years.Results Among 627cases , there were 290 positive cases and 14 cases were infected by 2 viral strains. Three hundred and four positive viral strains,71 cases (23.35%) were RS virus infection, 47 cases (15.46%) were AD virus infection, 74 cases (24.34%) were FLU-A virus infection,50 cases (16.44%) were FLU-B virus infection, 47 cases (15.46%) were PIV1,3 virus infection, and 15 cases (4.93%) were PIV2 virus infection. But in different areas, the kind of the viral strain of the highest infection rate was different. The viral detection rate in autumn and winter was the highest and in summer was the lowest. Conclusions FLU-A virus is the main etiological agent of children viral pneumonia,but the main etiological agent in different areas is different. In autumn and winter, the viral infection rate is high. The chance of viral infection of lower respiratory tract of big children is reduced.