试析美国高等教育的市场竞争机制

On the Market Mechanism in American Higher Education

美国高等教育系统就像一个结构复杂、功能各异、竞争激烈的巨型市场,自主决策、公平竞争、市场开放是其重要特征,也是促进高等教育系统不断发展和完善的不竭动力。长期的竞争在美国高等教育领域形成了比较完善的市场竞争机制,如政府财政资助中的市场机制、合同机制、校企合作机制。在市场机制起主要作用的环境中,政府的行为被限制在最低程度。政府的职责是引导市场竞争机制的建立,制定和解释市场的“游戏规则”,并监督规则的执行。完备的法制环境、成熟的市场机制和比较完善的监管机制保证了美国高等教育市场的公平竞争,促进了高等教育的健康发展。

Independent decision-making, equal competition and open market is the main characteristic of American higher education system. During long periods of competition, it has formed relatively perfect market mechanism in higher education, such as contract mechanism and cooperation mechanism between higher education and business. In the environment of market competition, the extent of governmental interference in higher education has been controlled to the lowest level. The duty of government is to make rules to regulate higher education market. The market mechanism guarantees the healthy development of American higher education.