古文义法今论——徐复观“《史记》研究”之扩展

Present Talking on the Yi Fa(义法) of the Ancient Chinese Literature Developing XU Fu-Kuan's Study of “Historical Records”

徐复观作为现代新儒学大师和著名思想史家,其《史记》研究具有独特的眼光和成就,他以保存灵根、开掘资源、打通经脉为思路,为中国文化的重新生长作了自己的学术努力。他认为古文家的义法理论不足以传达司马迁的精神,只有在生命与理性合一的平台上,方能重新开发《史记》对于中国叙事文学的经典意义。民间立场与批判抗议精神,救天道之穷,继圣人之志,方为其义理意涵;开启历史想象,在历史背后发现一整幅中国文化之流,史势中透出文势,运用传达民族文化民族精神的活的语言,方为其文学法则意义。如此,则不仅明清古文家的理论显得卑陋胶固,今人之一些论说如司马迁的朴素唯物史观、《史记》之传奇性对于文学的影响、《史记》语言与白话文等等也显粗浅,甚至有特定意识形态宰制的痕迹。

XU Fu-Kuan's study of 'Historical Records' has its special view and achievements. He considers the reexploiting Chinese culture tradition as his own task. He reelucidates the Yi Fa(义法) of the Ancient Chinese Literature. He thinks that the theory on the Yi Fa(义法) of the Gu Wen Jia(古文家) can not express Si Ma-qian's spirit. Only based on both the life and reason we can find the classical meaning to Chinese literature of the 'Historical Records'.Its implied meaning is the people's position critical spirit. The implied meaning of Yi Fa(义法) are to have the emagination on the history,find the entire culture in the history, make use of the essence of the nation's language and spread the quintessence of nation's culture.