任务类型和旋转平面对飞行员心理旋转的影响

Impact of tasks and planes on mental rotations of pilots

目的:通过比较飞行员分别在两种旋转任务 (视者旋转、客体旋转)和 3个旋转平面 (横断面、冠状面、矢状面 )条件下心理旋转的反应时,来探讨旋转任务类型和旋转平面对飞行员三维心理旋转的影响. 方法: 18名男性空军飞行员在直立条件下分别在横断面、冠状面和矢状面内完成视者和客体两种心理旋转任务,测量上述 6种条件下的心理旋转反应时,比较不同条件对飞行员心理旋转的影响. 结果:任务类型和旋转平面对心理旋转反应时的影响均有统计学意义(P<0. 01),两者间无明显交互作用. 每个平面内客体旋转的反应时均较视者旋转任务长,并达到了统计学显著水平 (P<0. 05);不论何种任务,反应时都随横断面、冠状面、矢状面而依次延长;平面之间进行两两比较,横断面和另外两个平面之间差别显著(P<0. 05),而冠状面和矢状面之间无显著差别.结论:飞行员群体中存在心理旋转的视者优势效应,即视者旋转的反应时较客体任务短,且这种视者优势效应体现在每个旋转平面内. 旋转平面对飞行员心理旋转亦有显著影响,其中,横断面的心理旋转加工速度最快.

AIM: To explore the impact of two tasks and three planes on the mental rotation of pilots in upright position. METHODS: Eighteen healthy male military pilots were tested by mental rotation test and their reaction time (RT) were measured and compared under six-condition matrix composed of 3 planes (the traverse plane, the sagittal plane and the coronal plane) and 2 tasks (viewer rotation and array rotation). RESULTS: Different tasks and planes had significant influences on the mental rotation in pilots (P< 0.01) but no significant interaction was found. The RT of viewer rotation was shorter than that of array rotation (P< 0.05) in each plane. The RT of traverse rotation was shorter than the coronal rotation and the sagittal rotation (P< 0.05). CONCLUSION: Performance is better on the viewer task than that on the array task. The viewer rotation advantage of mental rotation exists not only in the traverse plane of pilots but also in the coronal plane and the sagittal plane. In the three planes, the speed of traverse rotation is the fast.