GIS信息辅助的单影像立体量测

GIS-supported 3D information acquisition of buildings from a single image

为解决数字城市建设中精细三维信息的快速获取难题 ,本文提出一种GIS信息辅助的单影像立体量测算法用于实现建筑物的三维数据获取。其思路为 :通过检校摄影机获取影像内方位元素主点坐标 (x0 ,y0 )和主距f,然后将单张影像中房屋轮廓线分为分别平行于X、Y、Z三个方向的三组特征线 ,计算各组特征线的合点 ,求取影像的三个外方位角元素A、α、κ以反推摄影姿态 ,再从二维GIS数据库中提取地面位置信息 ,结合实际距离解算模型比例因子λ ,在以上参数的基础上进行建筑物的立体量测获取建筑物的高度。针对现实建筑物的多样性 ,本文还讨论了面向复杂建筑物的量测方法。

Today we are all up against the puzzle that how to acquire the 3D information of buildings efficiently and quickly.In this paper,we put forward a 3D information acquisition method from a single image.In a single image,at first we get the inner elements (x_0,y_0) and f by checking up the camera,secondly we divide the parallel lines into three groups which parallel X,Y and Z coordinate axis respectively and compute the three joint points based on related photogrammetry theory,thirdly calculate the three angle elements A,α and κ,fourthly compute the scale between reality and image using the coordinate information in 2D GIS databases,then we can measure the real height of buildings and reconstruct their 3D models.In the paper,we have also build some accurate models to test the practicability of this method.