番鸭肠胚胎期发育的组织学观察

Histological observation of intestine in the embryonal development of muscovy duck

应用组织学技术,对11～34d胚胎时期番鸭各段肠的结构进行观察。结果表明:(1)于11d肠各段分化呈黏膜、肌层和浆膜3层,未见黏膜肌;(2)黏膜上皮于胚胎早期由单层柱状细胞构成,至17d出现杯状细胞,且随日龄增加而逐渐增多;(3)绒毛于11d即形成,从前向后逐渐变粗变短,十二指肠段的绒毛呈细高弯曲状,在小肠段有绒毛的分支和融合现象;(4)肠腺于23d开始出现,由黏膜上皮下陷形成,多为单管状腺,在相邻绒毛的基部有一至多个肠腺的开口;(5)从小肠到大肠黏膜上皮中的杯状细胞逐渐增多,而在肠腺中的杯状细胞数量较少,且各段无明显的数量变化;(6)30d以前,固有层主要由胚性结缔组织构成,而后分化出成纤维细胞和纤维,绒毛内未见中央乳靡管;(7)肠各段结构内淋巴组织较少,在31d仅在绒毛固有层的结缔组织内出现弥散淋巴组织,与其相邻的黏膜上皮部分脱落,未见淋巴小结;(8)20d在回肠和盲肠段出现黏膜皱襞;(9)肌层分内环外纵两层平滑肌,内环肌的厚度约是外纵肌的3～4倍,在十二指肠和空肠段的内纵肌层,有呈"竹节"状分布的结缔组织间隔带;(10)在胚胎早期可见浆膜下有神经丛,于31d在肌层间和外纵肌内均有神经丛出现。

Using histological technology, histological observation of intestine of 11～34 days in embryonal period of the muscovy duck was carried out. The results showed that: (1) The intestine wall of 11-day-old of embryonal period in the muscovy duck was divided into three layers, mucous membrane, tunica muscularis and serous membrane, no submucosa. (2) The macula epithelium was formed with the number of columnar cells in the early embryonal period, the number of goblet cells became bigger and bigger with the age. (3) In the 11-day-old embryonal period, the villuses became fatter and shorter from front to back, and the villuses of duodenum became sharper and more zigzag, both the branch and mergence of intestinal villuses were seen. (4) The intestinal glands were made by simple and branched tubular gland in the 23-day-old of embryonal period. (5) The number of goblet cells increased from the small intestine to large intestine, while the number of goblet cells decreased in the intestinal gland. (6)Before 30-day-old of embryonal period, the lamina propria were mainly constructed with the embryonal connective tissue, and then became the fibroblast and fiber, there were no central lacteals in the villus. (7) The lymphatic tissues were few in every part of intestine. (8) Margo plicatus occurred in the 20-day-old of embryonal period of muscovy duck.(9)Muscle layer is consisted with two layers of smooth muscles including inner circular muscle and outer longitudinal muscle,and the thickness of inner circular muscle is three times as the outer longitudinal muscle, there is bamboo joint like connective tissue in the inner circular muscle of both duodenum and jejunum.(10)Under serosa layer,it occurs nerve crowds in both muscularis externa and outer longitudinal muscle at the 31-day-old of early embryonal period.