营养元素对木霉菌防治甜瓜枯萎病效果的影响

Effect of nutrition elements on biocontrol efficiency of Trichoderma against melon wilt

为明确各种营养元素在木霉菌防治甜瓜枯萎病生防体系中的作用,研究了9种营养元素铜、锌、铁、硼、钼、钙、锰、镁及钾对甜瓜枯萎病菌茵丝生长、木霉菌 T23菌丝生长及产孢量、甜瓜种子萌发及根系生长的影响。结果表明:10～1000μg/mL 的硫酸铜、硫酸锌、硫酸亚铁及硼酸对镰孢茵菌丝生长有较强的抑制作用,而对木霉菌的抑制作用远小于镰孢茵。适量加入钼酸铵、硫酸亚铁、硫酸钙及磷酸二氢钾有利于木霉菌茵丝生长及孢子形成,对甜瓜种子萌发及胚根生长也有较强的刺激作用。木霉菌结合钼酸铵、硫酸锰和硫酸钙处理土壤能显著降低甜瓜枯萎病的病情指数,相对防效分别为73.95%、73.77%和71.36%。

The affection of 9 nutrition elements,including copper,zinc,iron,boron,molyb-denum,calcium,manganese,magnesium,and potassium,on Trichoderma controlling to melonwilt,on the growth of Fusarium mycelium in melon wilt,Trichoderma T23 mycelium andamounts of spores produced as well as melon seed germination and its root system were investi-gated.Results suggested that cupric sulfate,zinc sulfate,ferric sulfate and boric acid appeareda stronger inhibition to Fusarium mycelium growth at concentration of 10-1000μg/mL,butonly less inhibition to Trichoderma mycelium.Mycelium growth and sporulation were developedbetter by adding some amounts of ammonium molybdate,ferrous suffate,calcium suffate andpotassium dihydrogen phosphate to medium and addition of those mentioned nutrition elementsled to stronger stimulation to seed germination and radical growth of melon.Soil treatment withTrichoderma combined with ammonium molybdate,manganese sulfate and calcium sulfate de-creased significantly melon disease index and the relative control efficiency reached 73.95%,73.77% and 71.36%,respectively.