20世纪中国音乐文化两次转换的美学思考

The Thinking of Aesthetics of Two Transformations of the Chinese Music Culture in the 20th Century

20世纪是中国音乐文化发生转换的重要时期。百年来 ,中国音乐文化经历了两次明显的转换。第一次转换发端於 19世纪末 2 0世纪初 ,是在剧烈的社会矛盾冲突、血与火的斗争中完成的。这次转换以中国从传统社会进入现代社会为背景 ,“求变”的心理加速了对西方外来文化的吸收与借鉴 ,从而改变了中国音乐文化的发展方向。审美崇尚从原来古典的和谐转向了近代的崇高 ,并突出了理性追求。第二次转换是在 2 0世纪末 ,中国进入从日常生活到社会经济文化全面转型 ,以“现代化”为价值诉求的社会发展阶段 ,审美崇尚由崇高范畴转变为多元化的审美追求。中国人面对自己文化建构的诸多问题 ,开始反思西方文化。

The 20th Century was the time when transformations occurred in Chinese music culture. In the past 100 years, the Chinese music culture underwent two distinct transformations. The first took place between the last years of the 19th Century and early years of the 20th Century. It got through in acute social conflicts and bloody fighting. It was based upon the fact that China was stepping from a traditional society to a modern society. 'Thirst for change' hastened to assimilate and make reference from western culture, thus it changed the direction of the development of the Chinese music culture. The advocate of aesthetic was changed from a classical harmony into a modern sublimity, and gave prominence to seek the rationality. The second took place at the end of the 20th Century when China had complete change from daily life into social economy and culture. It was a period when 'modernization' was as a great value with an earnest hope. The advocate aesthetic was changed from a lofty category to the pluralistic aesthetic standard. In the face of a lot of problems of self cultural construction, the Chinese begin to reconsider the relation between Western culture, modernization and culture of the nationalities.