20世纪40年代四川省新县制下地方自治的施行

The Implementation of Local Autonomy under the New County System in Sichuan Province during the 1940s

本文探讨了 2 0世纪 4 0年代四川省新县制下的基层社会控制及民主的实际状况 ,指出四川省在当时所推行的基层地方自治仍未摆脱受行政控制的从属地位 ,行政工作先于、多于自治工作 ,“民意机构”非民众直接选举产生并且多反映地方有力者的意志 ,它在解决民众最感痛苦的诸如“摊筹派募”、“征丁”以及“吏治腐败”等问题上的作用十分有限。国民政府在基层所实行的“以官治求自治”的所谓地方自治政策 ,非但未能发展地方事业 。

The thesis discusses the practical condition of social control and democracy at the grassroots level under the New County System in Sichuan province during the 1940s, indicating that, at that time, the local autonomy did not cast off the yoke of the administration yet because administrative tasks still took precedence over local autonomous affairs. The popular will institutions were not elected by the people directly but were usually controlled by government officials and the local gentry. Those people failed to give full play to their function of solving such problems as miscellaneous taxes, recruitment, government officials' corruption and degeneration, from which the masses suffered deeply. As a result, the autonomous policies shook the dominant base of the national government.