非关联和无关联对话中的关联问题

Remarks on Relevance of Irrelevant and Absurd Exchanges

本文旨在研究非关联和无关联话语导致的交际失败。用关联理论来分析非关联和无关联话语使我们看清关联与非关联,非关联与无关联之间存在的各种关系。文章分三个部分:(一)交际中的关联与理解。扼要介绍Sperber和Wilson的关联原则和话语的理解过程,讨论如何寻找最佳的关联、获得语境效果。(二)非关联和无关联对话。为语境假设付出努力但不能获得语境效果、导致理解失败的便是非关联对话。非关联对话导致的理解失败可以经过修正而最终获得最佳关联。无关联对话则因受阻滞或曲解而无法修正,对话双方常形成各说各的“非对话”现象。(三)无关联对话中的关联问题。讨论了由于话语理解过程出现困难而导致的无关联对话。

The objective of this paper is to address the issue of miscommunication by observing the irrelevant and absurd discourses. Based on Relevance Theory, the analysis of irrelevant and absurd discourses helps us to see what relations may exist between relevance and irrelevance, irrelevance and absurdity. This paper is made up of three parts: (1) Relevance and interpretation in communication. In this part Sperber and Wilson's Relevance Theory and the process of interpretation are introduced, and optimal relevance and contextual effects are discussed; (2) Irrelevant and absurd exchanges. The former, having been involved in great processing efforts without contextual effects, can bring about misfires, while the latter is actually a case of non-exchange whose misfires cannot be repaired and whose process is either thwarted or twisted; (3) Relevance of absurd exchanges. In this part absurd exchanges that result from difficulties in the process of discourse interpretation are discussed.