转喻与语用推理图式

Metonymy and Pragmatic Inferencing Schemata

传统的语用学理论在解释语用推理时有两个缺陷:一是它没有解释为什么会话人进行语用推理的速度会如此迅捷和毫不费力;二是它没有探究语用推理的概念本质。本文以认知语言学中的事态场境为基础,指出事态场境组成部分与整个事态场境或场境核心之间的转喻关系是会话人进行语用推理的概念图式。这些转喻关系也解释了为什么听话人会以迅捷的速度轻松地推断出说话人的交际意图。因此,从认知语言学的角度来研究语用推理可进一步补充和丰富语用学理论。

The pragmatic theories that try to explain pragmatic inferencing have two kinds of negligence: the first is that they do not account for the fact that the hearer can infer the speaker抯 intentions without any noticeable effort; the second is that they do not explore the conceptual basis of pragmatic inferencing. This paper, based upon Cognitive Linguistics?notion of scenario, attempts to demonstrate that the metonymic relations between components of scenario and the whole scenario or its CORE constitute conceptual schemata of pragmatic inferencing and facilitate the ease of the hearer抯 understanding of the speaker抯 intentions under the influence of contextual factors. Thus investigating pragmatic inferencing from a Cognitive Linguistic perspective can further supplement and enrich the pragmatic theories.