空算子理论与英语寄生语缺

The Null Operator Theory and English Parasitic Gaps

寄生语缺被认为是一种依赖另一真正语缺而存在的变项,但它却不能被真语缺成分统制。Chomsky(1982,1986)曾用空算子和语链解释语缺之间的关系,但他没有很好地解释为什么寄生语缺具有这些属性。Saito(1991)认为某些看似违反反成分统制要求的例证可以用附加语外置的方式得到解释。但是,这些分析都是静态的、表征性的,无法解释反成分统制的原因和寄生语缺的生成原理。文章最后推断,寄生语缺是通过推导而生成的,真语缺可能不是先行词。

Parasitic gaps are believed to be variables depending on true gaps that should not c-command the former. Chomsky (1982, 1986) attempts to explain the relations between parasitic gaps and real gaps in terms of Null Operator and Chain, with little success as the generation of parasitic gaps is not well accounted for. Moreover, Saito (1991) proposes extraposition to maintain the anti-c-command requirement, which seems to be violated in some instances. However, these static representational approaches fail to reveal the cause of anti-c-command relation and the mechanism that generates parasitic gaps. The discussion leads to a hypothesis that parasitic gaps are derived and the true gap is not the antecedent of the parasitic gap.