语气词在俄语口语中的功能

Functions of Particles in Spoken Russian

在俄语传统语法中,语气词是一个“小词类”。在中国俄语教学中往往被轻视。而语气词在口语中使用频繁,且用法十分复杂,难以掌握。和书面语相比,口语中的语气词不仅使用频率明显提高、数量显著增加,而且突破了传统语法的定性,发挥着口语所特有的功能:1)结构功能——构成独立语句、充当模式结构要素、构成对话重复语句;2)修辞功能——加强语气、突出话语重心、增加感情评价色彩;3)交际功能——充当反应语、充当话语的衔接手段、填补语流空白、充当语境伴随的指示词。

In the traditional grammar of Russian the particles belong to a 搒mall part of speech? They are often ignored in Russian teaching in China. However, the particles play critical roles in spoken Russian: 1) structural functions: forming independent sentences, and acting as structural elements; 2) stylistic functions: strengthening the tone, stressing the main point of the speech, and adding emotional coloring to the speech and 3) communicative functions: acting as backchannel signals, as cohesion words in turn-taking, as a filler to speech pauses, and as deictic words that are accompanied with body language.