中国煤矿废弃物环境效应研究进展

Advances in Studying Environmental Impact and Pollution Control of Coalmine Waste in China

简述煤矿废弃物的环境地球化学效应和治理方法。分别论述了煤矸石山的自燃、淋滤和煤矿矿井水的环境效应。研究发现,煤矸石自燃会释放出SO2、CO、H2S、CO2、NOx、CH4、多环芳烃(PAHs)等多种有毒有害物质;煤矸石中的有害元素As、Cd、F、Hg、Mo、Pb等含量多与硫化物、硫酸盐等正相关,连续化学浸取能将很大部分毒害元素溶出;矿井水直接排放会引起地下水位下降和环境污染。目前我国对煤矿废弃物的环境效应研究已经很重视,但煤矸石和矿井水资源化治理还存在一些问题。

The land occupation of gangue hill and non-processed drainage of waste water from coal mining are posing considerably hazardous impacts to the environment in China. The current condition of lacking lands and water resources in China is being worsened by environmental effects of gangue hill, waste water from coal mining. This article primarily discusses environ-geochemistry effects and countermeasures against the impacts of coalmine waste, and also discusses environmental effects of spontaneous combustion and leaching solution of gangue hill and waste water from coal mining. Researches indicate that many harmful substances such as SO_2?CO?H_2S?CO_2?NO_x?CH_4 and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) etc. are emitted to the air during gangue spontaneous combustion ,that most poisonous and harmful elements can be dissolved from gangue with continuous chemical solution method because the contents of most these elements such as As?Cd?F?Hg?Mo?Pb etc. have positive correlation with sulfides and carbonates etc. in gangue, and that lowered water table and environment pollution can arise from (nonpro-)cessed drainage of waste water. At present, much attention has been paid to research on environmental effects of coal mine wastes, but little is done on manugement and remedintion of coal mine wastes and waste water in China.