灌溉效率与增长潜力

Irrigation Efficiency and Its Potential Improvement in China

正确分析灌溉效率增长潜力是水资源科学管理、节水农业健康发展的基础.分析了农田和流域尺度上的节水内涵,解释了工程节水倾向的经济原因,并在已有研究基础上估计了农田和流域尺度上灌溉效率增长潜力.真实节水技术对于解决资源型缺水比工程型节水技术可能更为重要,但节水外部效应和补偿机制缺失,未来依然会以工程型节水技术为主导.到2020年,灌溉效率能再提高10%～15%就是极为不错的政策目标.今后需要加强节水的技术和经济评价,构建综合性节水技术推广的政策体系.

Water management and the development of water-saving agriculture bases on the scientific analysis on the potentiality of irrigation efficiency, but there are still debates on 'real water-saving'. This paper, which analyzes water-saving at the field level and basin level and explains the economic incentives that water-saving of project-type technologies are preferred to adopt in practical, estimates irrigation efficiency and its potential improvement. The project-type technologies still occupy the major place in the future even technologies of real water saving are more effective in the north region as the externality of water saving activities is not easily assessed and compensated. To increase 10%-15% of irrigation basin efficiency is an optional object, which needs to enhance the economic and technical assessments of water-saving measures and adopt a comprehensive policy system of water-saving irrigation.