20世纪30年代国民党的“团结统一运动”

Kuomintang’s “Movement of Unity and Unification” in the 1930’s

20世纪 30年代 ,蒋介石在国民党内开展的“团结统一运动” ,是为了结束辛亥革命以来形成的分裂型政治 ,实现政治统一而采取的措施。其包括通过公开讨论宪法草案以软化国民党内的政治反对派 ;派中央大员到全国各地游说 ;派参谋团入川 ,蒋介石坐镇四川 ,推行改革 ;对西北马氏家族进行收买、拉拢 ,使其归顺中央。“团结统一运动”取得了一定成效 ,它对推进社会安定、进步和发展 ,对粉碎日本策动的华北自治运动 ,对准备全民抗战都是有积极意义的。但是其力图实现全国真正政治统一的目的却终未达到 ,究其原因 。

In the 1930’s, Chiang Kaishek carried out a “movement of unity and unification” in Kuomintang as a measure to end the divided situation since the Revolution of 1911 and unify the party politically. In the movement, the draft of the Constitution was openly discussed to soften the political opposition in Kuomintang; officials of the central government were sent to different parts of the country to preach people; an intelligence delegation headed by Chiang Kaishek himself was sent to Sichuan to impose the reform; various means were used to buy over and draw in the Ma family in Northwest China and made them pledge allegiance to the central government. The movement did make some achievements and work some positive effects on enhancing social security and stability, progress and development, on breaking the autonomous movement in Northern China plotted by Japan and on preparing the whole nation for fighting against the Japanese. Unfortunately, it failed to fulfill the object of promoting the real unification of the whole nation. The reason for this lies in Kuomintang’s organization, the composition of Nanjing government and the social background in those days.