动词“给”语法化过程的义素传承及相关问题

The sememe succession and relevant problems in the grammaticalization of the verb gei

本文着重考察动词"给"语法化为介词和助词过程中的义素传承和词义滞留的情况。给予动词"给"具有五个义素:A.给予者;B.发出;C.给予物;D.使获得;E.接受者。这五个义素也是给予义的基本义素。介词"给"不具有给予义所必需的义素,给予义中的接受者是给予类动词的受事,必充当宾语。动词"给"的义素 D 滞留在与事介词"给"和助词"给"中,表现为"某种效应"的意味,这也影响到介词"给"的介引范围。

This paper mainly discusses the situation of the sememe succession and lexical meaning conservation which exist in the course of verb gei grammaticalizating into preposition and particle. The verb gei possesses five sememes:1)giver,2)make sth/sb move to another side,3)the given object,4)acquire,5)receiver.They are the basic sememes of the meaning of giving.Preposition gei has no sememes which the verb of giving must possess.The receiver in the meaning of giving must occur as an object of the giving verb.The sememe 4)(acquire)reserves in the preposition and particle,expressing'some kind of efficary'.It also impacts on the range which preposition gei introduces.