抗战时期张闻天之晋陕农村调查简述——兼述新发现的晋西北兴县农村调查原始资料

On Zhang Wen-tian's Rural Survey of Jin-shan in 1942——An Concurrent Introduction to the Newly-found Data on Rural Survey in Xing County of Northwest Shanxi

抗战时期,张闻天及其率领的“延安农村调查团”所进行的晋陕农村调查,乃是中共历史上继毛泽东20年代湖南农民运动考察之后又一次相当重要的社会调查,其不仅在中共党内产生了广泛而深远的影响,亦引起了中外学者的高度关注。这次调查所获取的大量资料,有的已整理出版并为研究者充分利用,有的则被怀疑散失于战火或其他社会动荡之中。尤其是此次调查历时最久的晋西北14村调查,除张闻天自己整理完成的极少量资料公开发表外,其余绝大部分至今没有人能够说明它们的下落,而实际上其原始资料仍然较完整地分布于晋省或晋西北的相关地方,这些资料的发现与利用将非常有助于理解20世纪三四十年代中国中西部结合带或中共晋西北根据地区域农村社会的基本面貌及其演变历史,同时亦对大致同一时期的其他华北农村社会调查做了最重要的补充,甚至可能会改变先前有关华北农村研究的某些结果。该项新发现的资料,内容丰富、数量浩大,具有极高的学术价值。

Zhang Wen-tian, along with the 'Yan'an Rural Survey Group' headed by him, carried a survey of the rural areas in Jin-shaan (i.e. Shanxi Province and Shaanxi Province) during the Anti-Japanese War. This is another rather important social survey in the history of the CPC after Mao Tse-tung's Survey of Hunan Farmers' Movement in 1920s, since it has not only yielded a vast and lasting influence within the Communist Party of China, but also has attracted an high attention from experts both at home and abroad. This survey gathered numerous data, some of which have been packed up, published and fully used by researchers, and some of which are believed to have been lost during the war and other social disturbances. Among these, the survey of the 14 villages in the northwest Shanxi, lasted for the longest time. Yet only a few of the findings were published, while all the others no persons knew. In reality, however, the scatterd original data are still kept intact in some places of the northwest Shanxi. The finding and utilizing of the data will facilitate the understanding of the basic features of the regional rural society as well as its evolving history, in the connecting zone of Central and West China or the Northwest Shanxi Base of CPC in the 30s and 40s of the 20th century. Meanwhile it will also offer an important supplement to other surveys of the North China, largely about the same period, and even possibly change some of the previous results of the researches concerning the North China. Therefore, the numerous and abundant data possess a rather high academic value.