抑制与抗争:建国初期的政府与私营工商界(1949-1952)

Restraining and Protesting——the Relationship between the Government and Private Businesses from 1949 to 1952

建国初期,由于政府继续维持革命时代的“劳资协商”政策,私营工商界情绪逐渐稳定,并主动配合政府贯彻各项政策。政府为迅速恢复经济,稳定社会秩序,采用加工定货、统购包销等措施“援助”私营工商界。但私营工商界经济好转之后,出于对利益的本能追求,对政府“援助”采取了或明或暗的抗拒态度。政府出于现实考虑,主动妥协,进行了多次政策调整。但政府的妥协并不意味着原谅私营工商界的“不忠”。1952年初,国民经济初步恢复之后,政府发起“五反”运动,以打击“五毒”行为的名义对私营工商界进行了声势浩大的思想改造。通过“五反”,私营工商界与政府之间的矛盾与冲突最终以前者的屈服而宣告终结。从此,私营工商界完全转变经营方向,成为政府社会改造战略的忠实配合者。

In early days of the PRC, the government continued to carry out the policy of the labor negotiations, as a result, private businesses became calm gradually and cooperated actively with the government in carrying out various policies. And the government took many measures to assist private businesses in order to restore the economy and stabilize the social order. But shortly after private businesses took a favorable turn, they began to resist the government's intervention to some extent. Faced with the fact, the government took a realistic attitude. It temporized with them and adjusted the policies for many times. But the government's compromise didn't mean forgiveness. When the national economy restored preliminarily at the beginning of 1952, it initiated the ' Five Anti' movement to remould the ideology of private businesses in the name of striking ' five poison'. The movement ended with the yielding of private business circles, from then on, they submitted themselves to the government.