塔里木盆地植物区系的研究

The Study on Tarim Basin Flora

塔里木盆地位于欧亚大陆腹地．该区自然环境独特，植被呈紧缩型分布．植物区系组成贫乏，种子植物１０５属１６５种。分隶３５科，多属于温带成分．特有成分比例较高．生活型以地面芽植物占优势，植被具有温带荒漠的特殊属性．本地区植物区系形成于第三纪．主要来源于华夏植物区系，是华夏植物区系向本地区发展，并在独特环境中蜕变的结果，其中有部分是从本地的荒漠环境中发展起来的．同时还存在古地中海及安哥拉区系成分．区系植物中既有第三纪的种，也有第四纪的种，即在第三纪形成荒漠植物区系，第四纪由于气候进一步变干燥，植物的耐旱适应又有新的发展．

Tarim Basin lies between Tianshan mountain and Chuenluen mountain it is situated at latitude 37°～42°N. It is located on warm-temperate zone,its natural environment is very distinctive. Distribution of vegetation is special. It looks closely contract,the elements of the flora are very poor,seeded plants of Tarim Basin. flora consisted of 35 families, ic5 genera, 165 species.Among them,8 families belong to tropical elements, but most of them belong to temperate elements. There are some endemic species in the region. In the flora,the most important are hemicryptophytes, and the second place are therophytes, it shows the vegetation having the special character of temperate zone desert in the region. Tarim Basin flora fromed in Tertiary Period,and originated from cathaysian flora,the latter spread to the region, was elected and differentiated. Among the elements of the flora, some of them formed in the desert environment of Tarim Basin,another came from Tethys-Anngla flora,and didn't come from central Asia. Tarim Basin flora not only had Tertiary Period spotes but also Quaternary species. The desert flora formed in Tertiary Period,for climate became dry further,variation of species produced further too.