云南省冰雹的时空分布特征

Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Hail Distribution in Yunnan Province

利用近 4 0年的云南省冰雹资料 ,统计分析了云南省冰雹的时空分布特征 ,进一步揭示了其活动规律及主要影响因素。研究结果表明 :冰雹的季节分布比较复杂 ,呈现出春季和夏季两个峰值的特点 ;冰雹的季节分布还与海拔高度有关 ,低海拔地区为春季多雹型 ,高海拔地区为夏季多雹型 ;滇西地区冰雹日数的年际变化特征较滇东地区显著而年代际变化特征没有东部地区站点明显 ;滇东地区表现出了明显的年代际变化特征 ,目前处于冰雹相对较少时期。从区域来看 ,年冰雹日数山区较坝区高 ,高海拔地区较低海拔地区高。

The characteristics of temporal and spatial distribution of hails over Yunnan Province were analyzed by using of the recent 40-year hail data, to reveal the variation regularities of hails and main influencing factors. The analysis shows that the seasonal distribution of hails was very complicated. The peak values usually occurred in spring and summer. The seasonal distribution of hails was related with elevation: generally in springtime hails happened more frequently at lower-elevation areas, and in summertime at high-elevation areas. The inter-annual change of the numbers of hailing days in the western Yunnan was more obvious than in the eastern Yunnan, while the inter-decadal change of hailing-day numbers was more obvious in the eastern Yunnan than in the western Yunnan. The numbers of hailing days in mountainous and high-elevation areas were greater than those in basin or plain areas and lower-elevation areas.