二十世纪七十年代联邦德国“新主体性”文学管窥

A Study on the New Subjectivity Literature of FRG in the 1970s

上个世纪七十年代在联邦德国文坛出现的“新主体性”文学,是一个有其历史特殊性的文学现象。它强调作家的自我、主观、经验、亲历、亲身或参与性,是对60年代文学“政治化”潮流的一定层面反拨,是理想失落后对关注、反映、表现、寻求自我的“饥渴”的弥补,但也并非自动就是一个根本性的思想放弃,而是带有新的信息、内涵与特征。反思或认同,人生或历史,体验或追求,感知或希冀,“新主体性”文学的边界是模糊和流动的。所撷取的代表性作品表明,个人与社会,文学与政治,自我语言与公共语言,知识分子精神困惑与知识分子精神守望,牵牵连连,难分难解。

The “new subjectivity” literature, which first appeared in FRG in the 1970s, is a literary phenomenon with its particular historical meanings. The literature, in its reaction against the 1960s’ politics in the literary world, puts great emphasis on the author’s ego/self, subjectivity, experience, endurance, and participation. It reveals a strong desire for attention, reflection, representation, and self-seeking when the ideals are gone. It is, however, not all that pessimistic in the sense that it conveys new messages, meanings, and features. The border of the “new subjectivity” literature is fluid, moving between Retrospection or identification, life or history, experience or pursuit, perception or expectation. The selected representative works describe confusion and interaction between individuals and society, literature and politics, self-language and public language. They also portray the perplexity and spiritual anticipation of the German intellectuals.