绿色荧光蛋白作为分子标记物在微生物学中的应用

The Application of Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) as Molecular Marker in Microbiology

荧光染料在微生物学中的应用受到广泛的关注。近年来 ,来源于发光性生物的荧光蛋白进一步丰富了微生物学的研究手段。其中绿色荧光蛋白 (Greenfluorescentprotein ,GFP ,来源于水母 )具有独特的应用价值。在活体研究中 ,GFP相对于其它报告蛋白 (如 β 半乳糖苷酶 )在原位、实时的微生物生理生化研究中有很多优越性。对GFP作为分子标记物在微生物学中的应用进行回顾 ,对GFP在微生物与宿主相互作用、生物膜(biofilm)、生物降解、细菌与原生动物相互作用、基因转导、基因表达、蛋白质定位以及生物传感器等领域的应用进行讨论 ,并扼要介绍了一些应用于荧光观察和定量分析的方法。

The application of fluorescent dyes in microbiology has been paid close extensive attention. Recently, fluorescent proteins originated from bioluminescent organisms have enriched research means in microbiology, among them green fluorescent protein (GFP) stemmed from jellyfish possesses unique application values. Study in vivo, GFP has many superiorities over other reported proteins, say β-galactosidase, in microbio-physiological and biochemical studies in situ and real time. In this paper, the applications of GFP as molecular marker in microbiology were reviewed, the applications of it on interactions between microbes and hosts, bio-membrane, biodegradation, interactions between bacteria and protozoa, gene transfer, gene expression, protein location, as well as biosensors were also discussed. Some observation and quantitative analysis methods applied on fluorescence were also briefly introduced.