高浓度有机废水发酵法制取氢气技术

Fermentative biological production of hydrogen by digesting high strength organic wastewater

利用两相厌氧高浓度有机废水处理的产酸相制取氢气技术引起世界的普遍关注。介绍了厌氧发酵生物制氢系统的产氢机理、工艺流程与设计、工程控制参数等许多技术问题。认为发酵产氢微生物有丁酸型发酵、乙醇型发酵和甲酸裂解等3种产氢代谢途径。工艺设计以活性污泥的混合培养为主要形式,也发展了细菌的纯培养或辅之细胞固定化工艺。目前已经分离出肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)、梭状芽孢杆菌属(Clostridium)、柠檬酸菌属(Citrobacter)和新型乙醇型发酵产氢细菌等菌属的发酵产氢细菌,这些菌种除了可以纯培养制氢外,还可以进行投入反应系统进行生物强化和细胞固定化技术应用。乙醇型发酵生物制氢理论(双碳发酵产氢学说或理论)指导下发酵法混合培养生物制氢工艺已分别进行了小试和中试,并将进入生产示范工程阶段。

It is a hot research field that biological hydrogen can be produced by digesting high-strength organic wastewater in the acidogenic phase of two-phase anaerobes in the world. The research for hydrogen-producing mechanism, process scheme and design, engineering control in practice on fermentative biological hydrogen production is reviewed. There are three types of fermentative hydrogen-producing metabolic pathways which are butyric acid fermentation, ethanol fermentation and formic acid scission reaction in fermentative hydrogen-producing microorganism. The main process is mixed culture by activated sludge. The processes of pure culture and immobilized cell are developed. The bacteria of genuses of Enterobacter, Clostridium, Citrobacter and the new type of fermentative hydrogen-producing bacteria with the ethanol-fermentation are isolated in the world. The germplasm can be used such as in pure culture, cell immobilization and bioaugmentation. The mixed culture for fermentative hydrogen production under the guidance of the ethanol-type fermentative biohydrogen-producing theory has been established and will be applied in the demonstration factory.