木质纤维素转化为燃料乙醇的研究进展

Research progress of converting lignocellulose to produce fuel ethanol

以木质纤维素为原料生产燃料乙醇的生物转化方法包括预处理、酶水解和发酵过程,对这些过程中的技术进展以及解决现存问题的方法进行了评述。氨法爆破技术是较好的预处理方法,超声波、微波处理等新技术有助于改善酶水解。阐述了酶水解机理、纤维素酶的生产以及酶水解过程的优化方法。指出固定化酶糖化发酵技术在生物转化木质纤维原料技术中的前景广阔;选择合适的发酵方法,优化发酵过程,以及解决抑制问题对于提高乙醇产率尤为重要;利用基因重组技术构建旨在发酵混合糖的重组菌对于生产生物乙醇具有里程碑意义。

The conversion process of ethanol fuel utilizing lignocelluloses as a substrate involves pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. The new technological progress and the methods of solving present problems in these processes are extensively reviewed. Ammonia fiber explosion (AFEX) process is an attractive pretreatment method, moreover, ultrasonic and microwave treatments contribute to enhancing enzymatic hydrolysis. The enzymatic hydrolysis mechanism for cellulose, the production of cellulase and the optimization methods for enzymatic hydrolytic process are provided. Consolidated bioprocess technology is promising in lignocellulose biological conversion, furthermore, selecting suitable means of fermentation, optimizing fermentative process and solving inhibitor problem during the fermentative processes are significant to higher ethanol yields. Genetic engineering of bacteria to ferment the diverse range of sugar is a milestone essential to the bioethanol production.