银杏的结实特性

Fruiting Characteristics in Ginkgo biloba

收集国内及日本大粒优质银杏核用品种 2 9个 ,采用完全随机区组试验设计对核用品种的结实特性进行研究。 2 0个品种高接换种后 2～ 4年相继结实 ,但早实性品种间差异较大。平头接和分层接种实主要分布在树冠内膛。银杏幼年期相对较长 ,初果期结实量变异系数高达 5 0 %以上。不同品种平头接单核质量 (g)、出核率 (% )及单位树干横断面积种核产量 (kg·cm- 2 )均大于分层接。采用结实株率 (% )、单株鲜果产量 (kg)、单株种核产量 (kg)、单位树干横断面积种核产量 (kg·cm- 2 )、单位树冠投影面积种核产量 (kg·m- 2 )、单位种植面积种核产量 (kg·hm- 2 ) 6个产量性状指标对 2 0个品种系统聚类结果表明 ,“黄金丸”、“岭南”及“郯 10 7#”属于高产品种。对银杏结实生物学特性进行了评价 ,对大粒、早实、丰产品种选育有重要意义。

Twenty-nine large-stone, early-fruiting and fine quality nut-used varieties of Ginkgo biloba from China and Japan on fruiting characteristics through randomized block experiment(RBE) design at two experiment sites were studied.Twenty varieties fruited consecutively after grafted at high-position for 2～4 years, but difference of first fruiting time was very significant among varieties. Seeds of “cut-grafting' and “ring-grafting' trees distributed in inner crown. Young stage in G. biloba was longer, variation coefficients on fruit yield of twenty varieties were more than 50% in primary fruiting stage. The single stone weight(g),the percentage of stone weight to fruit weight and seed stone yield per cm2 trunk cross section(kg) in “cut-grafting' trees were higher than those in “ring-grafting'trees. The results of Q-cluster analysis to six yield indices such as fruiting tree percentage, fresh fruit yield per tree(kg·tree -1),stone yield per tree(kg·tree -1),stone yield per trunk cross section area(kg·cm -2),stone yield per crown transmission area(kg·m -2),and stone yield per planting area(kg·hm -2)of twenty varieties showed that “HJW', “LN' and “T107#” belonged to high yield varieties. In this paper, biological characteristics of fruiting in G. biloba nut-used varieties were evaluated, which was very important to select large-stone, early-fruiting and high-yield G. biloba nut-used varieties.