哺乳动物精子分离方法的研究进展

Advances in Mammalian Sperm Separation Methods

分离X、Y精子, 用于人工授精或体外受精, 是目前实现哺乳动物性别控制的最有效手段。本文对哺乳动物精子分离及分离精子纯度评估方法的研究历史及现状作一回顾和总结。

The most effective approach for achieving sex control in mammals at the present time is separating X- from Y-bearing sperm followed by artificial insemination (AI) or in vitro fertilization (IVF). Many techniques have been used to separate mammalian X- and Y- bearing sperm through past decades, mainly including method of various gradients, swim up, Sephadex columns and H-Y antigen, all of which focus on physical or immunological separation. But those procedures have not been scientifically proved as effective by resulting in unconfirmed separation followed by inconsistent birth ratio results. At present, flow cytometric sperm sorting based on X and Y sperm DNA difference has been confirmed as the only effective method for sexing the spermatozoa of mammals after DNA analysis by fluorescent in situ hybridization. This paper reviews the history and current status of mammalian sperm separation and the method for assessing the purity of separated sperm.