EMS诱导水稻中花11突变体的筛选和鉴定

Screening and Identification of Mutants Induced fromRice Zhonghua 11 (Oryza sativa L. subsp. Japonica) by EMS

用化学诱变剂甲基黄酸乙脂 (Ethylmethanesulphonate简称EMS)对粳稻品种“中花 11”进行诱变处理 ,以构建突变体库。结果表明 :0 .5 %EMS溶液处理的水稻种子 ,再经 0 .5 %和 0 .7%EMS溶液复合处理 ,发生突变的频率为 12 .4 % ,复合处理的诱变效果优于一次性处理。EMS诱变产生的突变体 ,后代发生分离的基因数量少 ,稳定性较好 ,但不同的株系所产生的突变类型丰富。EMS诱变产生的主要突变类型有 :穗部形态突变、籽粒形态突变、茎秆形态突变、叶片性状突变、育性突变及熟期突变等。通过近四年的诱变、筛选 ,已鉴定EMS诱变产生的突变体 86 1份 ;同时对部分突变性状如簇生穗、树稻等进行了遗传分析试验 ;另外在M3筛选到一个生产上能推广使用的水稻突变新品系。

The rice seeds of Zhonghua 11(Oryza sativa L.ssp. Japonica) were induced and handled by EMS (Ethyl methane sulphonate) in order to build the mutants genbank. The results showed that the frequency of producing mutants was 12.4% when the seeds of Zhonghua 11 treated with 0.5% EMS solution were treated again with 0.5% and 0.7% EMS solution. The effect of the compound treatment on mutagenesis was better than that of one time treatment. The mutants induced by EMS had very good stability and few genes in their progeny segregated. There were many mutant-types produced in different plants. The main mutant-types induced by EMS were ear visibles, seed visibles, stem visibles, leaf character mutation, fertility mutation and mature period mutation. A total of 861 mutants induced by EMS were identified through four-year induction of mutation and screening. Also the test and genetic analysis of some mutant characters such as clustered ears and tree rice were carried out. Moreover,a new rice strain that could be popularized in production was obtained through screening in M 3 generation.