高体鳑鮍的生物学资料及个体发育观察

Preliminary Observation on the Biology of Rhodeus ocellatus

20 0 3年 2月～ 2 0 0 4年 4月对高体 (Rhodeusocellatus)的生物学特性及个体发育进行了初步研究。高体栖息于水流较缓的水体中 ,其生活温度为 4～ 40 2℃ ;1龄即性成熟 ,繁殖期在每年的 2～1 0月 ,卵巢的成熟系数为 1 0 5 4%± 4 0 5 % (n =68) ,输卵管长 (2 8 3 2± 1 0 97)mm(n =68) ,精巢的成熟系数为 6 1 9%± 3 46% (n =45 ) ,输精管长 (2 73± 1 46)mm(n =45 ) ,产卵期水温 1 2 6～ 2 2 3℃ ;亲鱼分批产卵 ,每批成熟卵子的绝对量为 2 0～ 69粒 ,平均 47粒。高体个体发育分为胚胎期、仔鱼期、稚鱼期、幼鱼期及成鱼期 6个时期 ,分别记述了各阶段外部形态的变化和内部器官的发育以及不同时期出现的集群、摄食等生物学特性。

Based on samples collected in 2003.2-2004.4,this paper analyzed the basic biological characters of Rhodeus ocellatus.R. ocellatus inhabits in the slow currents, with living temperature from 4℃ to 40.2℃. They breed yearly. The breeding season lasts from February to October. The GIS(Gonado-somatic index)of the ovary is 10.54%±4.05%(n=68). The length of the oviduct is 28.32±10.97?mm(n=68). GIS of the spermary is 6.19%±3.46%(n=45). The length of the spermaductus is 2.73±1.46?mm(n=45). At water temperature of 12.6-22.3℃,the females produce clutches of eggs. Based on ovum development, R. ocellatus is a fractional spawner. The number of the ripe eggs of each fraction varies from 20 to 69 with a mean of 47 eggs. The developmental stage of R. ocellatus can be divided into embryonic, larval, juvenile, young and adult according to the external morphology, internal morphology and biological characters.