高纯度γ-亚麻酸包合工艺研究Ⅰ——皂化值及皂化反应

Study on the encapsulation technique of high purity γ-linolenic acid, part 1 ——saponification reaction and saponification value

目的测定月见草油的皂化值及脂肪酸组分,研究皂化反应后pH对产物提率的影响和脂肪酸之间的相关性,为原料的选择、提高皂化产物的产率及尿素包合提供依据。方法皂化值的测定,利用气相色谱法测脂肪酸组分。结果月见草油γ亚麻酸含量在7%～10%,其含量多少与不饱和脂肪酸含量呈极显著负相关。通过皂化值的测定,确定了皂化月见草油时的KOH加量,及皂化反应萃取时的最适pH。对2个地区月见草油脂肪酸的测定得出,月见草油脂肪酸中棕榈酸的含量为6%～8%,硬脂酸为1%～2%,油酸为7%～10%,亚油酸为60%～70%,γ亚麻酸为7%～10%,不饱和度90%左右,并进行了相关性分析。结论月见草油的皂化值在180～200,皂化反应后分离油最佳的pH为1.5～2.0。

Objective:To measure the saponification value and fatty acid formation of evening primrose oil, to study the effects of pH value on production yield and fatty acid formation during the saponification reaction, and to provide rationales for the selection of raw material, the enhancement of production yield of saponification, and the encapsulation of γ-linolenic acid with urea. Method: To measure fatty acid's formation with gas chromatographic method and to measure the saponification value. Result:The content of γ-linolenic acid is 7%-10% in evening primrose oil. The content of γ-linolenic acid is inversely correlated with that of unsaturated fatty acid. The saponification value, the amount of KOH for saponification of evening primrose oil, and the pH value for subsequent isolations of oils are determined. From the measurement of fatty acids of evening primrose oil in two different cultivation locations, the content of γ-linolenic acid is determined to be 7%-10%, un saturated oils account for 90%. Conclusion: The saponification value of evening primrose oil is between 180-200, pH value of isolated oil is 1.5-2.0 after saponification reaction. Fatty acids mainly include palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linolic acid and γ-linolenic acid. [