语言接触所产生的蒙古族直系血亲亲属称谓词地区差异

Region Differences of Mongoloid Kinsfolk Names Originated from Language Contact

本文把蒙古族语言文化视为内部有三大不同类型的共同体,认为当代蒙古族牧区、半农半牧区、农区语言文化三大类型是在农牧经济、语言文化两大体系长期的历史接触中逐渐形成的。蒙古族亲属称谓词的地区差异与经济文化类型差异有着不可分割的联系。笔者从三大类型选出具有代表性的七个不同方言区的直系血亲亲属称谓进行了比较,亲属称谓地区差异中不仅包含着蒙古族各个历史发展阶段的遗留,还反映着蒙古族和满、汉等周边民族之间的相互影响,尤其是汉族对农区蒙古族的影响。存在不同差异的主要原因在于语言文化接触。牧区称呼更多地保留了本民族的传统,但存在地区差异。农区大部分称呼用上了汉族称呼或蒙汉混合称呼。半农半牧区处于二者之间,部分称呼用传统称呼,部分称呼用蒙汉混合称呼,部分称呼用汉语称呼。各地区称呼中有少量的满族亲属称呼词。

The Mongolian language and culture common community can be divided into three types of language and culture: Mongolian pastoral area, half agriculture & half pastoral area and agriculture area, which had been gradually developed in the long process of historical contact of economic system and language and cultural system. The region differences of kinsfolk names of Mongolian are tightly related with the different types of economic systems. The paper compares some names of lineal blood kinships in seven representative dialects-areas selected from the above dame language and culture types, and concludes that the region difference not only includes the remains of Mongolian in its development stages, but also reflects the multi-influence among the Mongoloid, Manchu and Chinese, especially the influence of Chinese on the agriculture Mongolian. The main cause of differences hes in the language and cultural contact among the people. In pastoral area, the language kept more Mongolian tradition even though there still remained region difference. In agriculture area, most parts have used Chinese names or combined names of Chinese and Mongol. In half agriculture & half pastoral area, parts of them use traditional names, while parts of them use combined names and others use Chinese names. Moreover, a few Manchu names are still used in various areas.