湖南“三难地”土壤动物群落结构研究

Community Structure of Soil Animals in Leanness Soil in Hunan Province of China

2001—2002年间,对湖南祁东县的桃树林(样点A)、马尾松林(样点B)和廖家镇的芦竹林(样点C)的土壤动物进行了实地调查。定性、定量分析了该土壤动物群落结构、分布和季节变化。结果表明:三类林地中,蜱螨类和线虫类是优势类群,密度—类群指数(DG)为A>C>B,但多样性和均匀性指数为C>A>B,相似性指数分析A与C之间的相似性最近,从土壤剖面分析来看,土壤动物具有明显的表聚性,且表层>上层>中层>下层。土壤动物季节变化是夏季低于冬季。以冬季土壤动物数量最高。甲螨类和矛线虫类是紫色页岩土基形成的主要"拓荒者"。

Soil animal communities were investigated in three types of forests in Qidong county of Hunan Province, China during 2001-2002.The dominance, evenness, richness, diversity(H') and DG index were determined, and similarity coefficients(q) among soil animal communities were analysed. Also, both stratificational and horizontal pattern of soil animals in the areas were examined. The results showed that Acaraina, Hymenoptera and Dorylaimida were the dominants in the three plots. The A community was the highest both in species and individual numbers and the B community the highest in diversity and evenness. The highest dominance and DG index occurred in the A community. The similarity coeffcient between the A and C community is the highest one. On the vertical distribution of both soil animals, individuals and species decreased with soil depth and characterized by surface congregating. With seasons changing, the soil animal diversity was lower in summer than that in winter. Dorylaimida and Oribatida are mostly pioneers in forming soil. It is aimed that will provide a scientific basis for further afforestation and rational utilization.