海尔的创新型"文化场"——全面创新管理研究系列文章

The innovation cultural field of Haier——based on Total Innovation Management

全面创新管理(TIM:TotalInnovationManagement)是由浙江大学创新与发展研究中心(RCID)首次提出的创新管理新范式。其实践背景是发生在我国大多数企业里"技术创新的两难境地",该理论认为在目前的竞争环境中,成功的技术创新应该是包含全部技术因素和所有相关的非技术因素在内的全面创新。基于对我国海尔集团的成功经验模式的案例研究,本文将进一步从理论和实践方面进行全面创新管理的研究,提出个人创新能力的发展是企业发展的关键要素,建议企业重视人本管理,推行在提高员工创新素质基础上的企业成长模式。本文将分析海尔获得成功的关键因素--每个人都是创新者!--及其管理和运作机制。并分析在此基础上形成的创新型文化是如何通过"全员创新"的运作机制将企业全面创新管理的各创新要素--战略创新、管理创新、制度创新、市场创新和技术创新--成功地融合为一的。基于"场效应"理论,本文首次提出了"文化场"概念。本研究认为正是在创新型的"文化场"和全面创新管理架构的作用下,企业才能够融合所有创新能量来推动企业绩效的整体发展。

Total Innovation Management (TIM) is the new paradigm of innovation management put forward by Research Center for Innovation & Development (RCID) of Zhejiang University. The background of TIM theory is the 'dilemma of technology innovation' in most Chinese corporations. In order to solve the difficult technology innovation related problem and on base of case study and theory analysis, RCID puts forward that technology innovation management should be a TIM pattern in current competitive circumstances. It suggests that the successful technology innovation should be an activity including all the technological factors and all the non - technology factors related. Based on the case study of successful experience of Chinese Haier group, this paper provides theoretical and realistic evidences for TIM theory and gives companies (especially manufacturing factories) some suggestions to get good innovation performance. In this paper, we also stress that development of individual innovative ability is the key factor in company development. It will provide some evidences for the 'people - oriented'management. This paper shows that the key to great performance gained by Haier is 'everyone as innovator' with its management & operating mechanism. 'Everyone as innovator' means all the employees of Haier should promote their individual ability, and at the same time, help to form an innovative culture climate permeable all over the company. Then the culture climate fuses successfully all the Haier's TIM elements including strategy innovation, management innovation, institution innovation, market innovation and technology innovation into a whole. According to theory of 'field' effect, we analyze the role of innovative culture and present the concept of 'cultural field' effect. Just under the innovative 'cultural field' effect and the TIM construction, the company can fuse all energy of innovators to promote the holistic performance of the company.