一个新的实验性冠状动脉痉挛动物模型

A study of a new animal model of experimental coronary artery spasm

本研究探索一个实验性冠状动脉痉挛（ＣＡＳ）动物模型。健康犬１２只，分三组，静脉麻醉开胸分离左冠脉前降支。Ⅰ组（５只）：冠脉滴敷脑垂体后叶注射（ＩＰＰ）诱发ＣＡＳ；Ⅱ组（５只）：先形成冠脉部分狭窄再加上诱发ＣＡＳ；对照组（２只）：冠脉滴敷生理盐水。ＣＡＳ的判断及结果：Ⅰ、Ⅱ组施药后冠脉血流量（ＣＢＦ）明显减少（阳性例数５／５），心电图呈缺血性改变（阳性例数４／５）及严重室性心律紊乱，第Ⅱ组改变更显著。对照组的ＣＢＦ及心电图无改变。本实验诱发ＣＡＳ方法易行，成功率高，重复性好。其优点是诱发ＣＡＳ的部位可以选择，作用时间相对可控；血管收缩剂不直接进入血液循环，对冠脉以外其它血管动力学无影响，也控制了血液内各种因子检测的准确性。本实验模型可以用于进行ＣＡＳ的病理生理、生化、病理形态和治疗学的研究。

A new animal model of experimental coronary artery spasm (CSA) was established in dogs.A main branch of left anterior descending coronary artery(LAD) was dissected under open-chest operation in intravenously anaesthetized dogs. Twelve healthy dogs were divided into three groups. In group A (5 dogs), CAS was induced by dripping a few drops of injectio pituitarii posterioris(IPP) on a slip of gauze, in which the dissected LAD was wrapped. In group B (5 dogs), CAS was induced in the same way as in group A following a partial stenosis of LAD. In group C (2 dogs), a few drops of normal saline were given instead of IPP. Coronary blood flow.(CBF) was decreased markedlyin all dogs of groups A and B after IPP Was given as a vasoconstrictor. Electrocardiogram revealed changes of myocardial ischemia and severe ventricular arrhythmia in 8 dogs of groups A and B; and these changes were more significant in group B than in group A. However, no such changes of CBF and ECG were observed in the control group. These results showed that the animal model of experimental coronary artery spasm could be used in pathological,physiological and therapeutical study of CAS because of its following advantages:① It is convenient and highly reproducible. ② It is highly selective in the location of CAS and the duration of CAS can be controlled. ③ It enables assessment of the direct effect of vasoconstrictor on the canine coronary circulation without secondary effects resulting from changes in other hemodynamic variables which might be associated with systemic circulation.