An improved digital watermarking scheme combining with PKC

Digital watermarking is the enabling technology to prove ownership on such copyrighted product as software, documents, music, and video, monitor the usage of them, and even trace them back to the user with embedding of unique buyer identification(ID) as a part of watermark into them. This thread of detection will deter users from releasing unauthorized copies. A problem arises when the seller is dishonesty, he has a chance to use the digital watermarking with the buyer ID maliciously and make the buyer receive false-accusation. In this paper, an improved digital watermarking scheme is introduced to prevent false-accusation to an honest buyer, which is combined with the advantage of PKC(public key certificate) so that it fits the on-line transaction and helps to realize secure e-commerce. In addition, the extended application of this scheme is discussed.