三氯化铁催化合成乙酸戊酯的研究

Synthesis of n-Amyl Acetate Catalyzed by Ferric Chloride

以三氯化铁为催化剂,由冰乙酸和正戊醇合成了乙酸戊酯.考察了催化剂品种及用量、醇酸摩尔比、反应时间、反应温度对酯化率的影响.结果表明,三氯化铁是合成乙酸戊酯的良好催化剂.确定了最佳反应条件:催化剂用量占反应物料总质量的3.0%,醇酸摩尔比1.2:1,反应时间60 min,反应温度112～140℃.在此条件下,酯化率可达86.0%.

n -Amyl acetate was synthesized from glacial acetic acid and n -amyl alcohol using ferric chloride as catalyst.The effects of reaction conditions including catalyst,molar ratio of alcohol to acid,reaction time,reaction temperature on the reaction were examined.The result showed that ferric chloride was the best catalyst used among solid acids.The optimum reaction conditions were determined as follows:the amount of catalyst 3.0% based on the total mass of reactants,the molar ratio of amyl alcohol to acetic acid 1.2∶1 ,reaction time 60 min ,reaction temperature 112～ 140 ℃ .The esterification rate under optimum conditions was over 86.0%.