句子先提述的参与者在可提取性上的优势现象

THE ADVANTAGE OF ACCESSIBILITY OF FIRST-MENTIONED PARTICIPANTS IN CHINESE SENTENCES

下述五个实验就汉语句子成分（包括句子的参与者及其动作）的提述次序对其可提取性的影响进行了研究，结果表明：（１）句子先提述的参与者比后提述的参与者容易被提取，提述的次序对参与者的可提取性有明显影响。（２）先提述参与者的这种优势与句子呈现的方式有一定的关系。（３）在系列呈现的条件下，先提述参与者的易提取性与探测词呈现的延迟间隔有关。（４）在系列呈现的条件下，参与者以名词形式出现时，被试的反应速度较快，而参与者以名字的形式出现时，反应则较慢；在同时呈现的条件下这种差异基本消失。（５）句子参与者的行动（即句子的动词）的提述次序对其可提取性也有明显的影响，说明提述次序对句子成分的可提取性的影响，不只限于句子参与者本身。

The relations between mentioned order and accessibility of Chinese sentence constituents was explored. Five experiments were conducted and the results were demonstrated as follows:(1) first-mentioned participants were easier to be accessed than second-mentioned participants, mentioned order obviously affected accessibility of the participants.(2) The advantage of first-mentioned participants was relevant to the way of sentence presentation. When the words of the sentence were presented in a sequential way, there was no obvious difference of accessibility between first-and second-mentioned participants or the difference was not very obvious; when the sentence was presented in a simultaneous way. this advantage of first-mentioned participants was very obvious.(3) Under the condition of sequential presentation, the advantage of first-mentioned participants was dependent on the interval between each sentence and its probe word.(4) Under the condition of sequential presentation subjects responded to noun-participants faster than to name-participants, and they responded to patient-participants faster than agent-participants, but this difference disappeared under simultaneous presentation.(5) The order of mention had effect not only on accessibility of sentence participants, but also on accessibility of participants action; first-mentioned action was more accessible.