婴儿识别面部表情的能力及其发展模式

INFANTS' ABILITY TO DISCRIMINATE FACIAL EXPRESSIONS AND ITS DEVELOPMENTAL PATTERN

采用婴儿控制的习惯化－去习惯化实验设计，测查了４２名８－１２个月的婴儿对愉快（Ｈ）、愤怒（Ａ）和惧怕（Ｆ）三种表情（照片）的习惯化速率及在六种表情配对顺序下（Ｈ－Ａ，Ａ－Ｈ，Ｈ－Ｆ，Ｆ－Ｈ，Ａ－Ｆ，Ｆ－Ａ）的识别能力。实验结果表明：（１）多数婴儿的注视高峰出现在习惯化过程早期；（２）不同年龄的婴儿对三种表情的习惯化速率相同；（３）在三种表情的六种配对情况下，不同年龄的婴儿对任一对表情中的第一个习惯化后，均可对第二个表情去习惯化，即在识别过程中不存在顺序效应。

Using the infant control habituation-recovery procedure,this reserach investigated 8 to 12-month-olds' ability to discriminate the facial expressions(H: Happy,F: Fear.A:Anger) in six emotional pairs:H-A,A-H,H-F,F-H,A-F,F-A; the habituation rates of these three expressions were studied. The results indicated that:1) Most infants gave their peak fixation in the early stage of habituation;2) Infants at the different ages showed no significant difference in the rate of habituation; 3) In the six pairs of three emotional expressions,infants at different ages could distinguish a second expression following habituation to the first one,that is,there was no order effect in the process of recognition.