刺槐耗水研究进展

Review on the Research of Water Consumption Characteristic of Robinia psedudoacia

刺槐是干旱半干旱地区的多用途造林树种,水分生理研究是抗旱造林和林分管理的基础,从苗木、单木和林分三个层面论述了刺槐耗水特性及其研究进展。苗木耗水是林木水分生理研究的基础,刺槐苗木耗水量和耗水速率的日变化均呈单峰型,峰值出现在中午12:00左右。苗木耗水速率除与自身遗传特性有关外,还与土壤水分条件密切相关,随着土壤水分亏缺的加重,耗水速率呈下降趋势。单木耗水除表现与苗木相似的日动态外,其耗水量和蒸腾强度还表现季节动态,生长季节初期和末期耗水量和蒸腾强度较低,生长盛期较强,此外蒸腾耗水还与光照、气温和风速等环境因子呈显著相关关系。林分蒸腾耗水占林分总耗水量的57.7%～60.2%,季节变化与单木相同,一般阴坡耗水大于阳坡,高密度林分耗水量大于低密度林分。

Black locust is one of the multi-purpose afforestation tree species in arid or semi-arid regions.Based on abundant literature,the research advance and present development about the water consumption characteristics of black locust was discussed.Water consumption of seedling is the base of tree water physiological research.The daily dynamic of water consumption of seedling shows single peak style,the peak value appears about at 12:00 in noon.Besides depending on its genetic speciality,the water consumption rate has a close relation with soil water status too.The water consumption rate will decrease when the water stress gets severe.Beside the similar daily water consumption dynamic with the seedlings',the water consumption and transpiration intensity of single tree show season changes,and they are much low in the initial and late growing stage,but are very high relatively in fast-growing period.Meanwhile they are related to light intensity,air temperature,wind velocity and other environment factor.Stands water consumption of transpiration share 57.7%～60.2% of the total.The season change of stands water consumption is similar to its single tree.Generally,the stands water consumption in south-facing sloping is higher than that in north-facing sloping, and higher in the stands of high density than that of low density.