宁南山区退耕还林还草的生态补偿机制探讨

Discussion on Compensation of Ecosystem for Returning Farming to Forest and Grassland in the Mountain Area of Southern Ningxia

通过对宁南山区退耕还林还草生态补偿机制存在问题的分析,指出宁南山区退耕还林还草存在土地利用结构调整损失补偿困难,补偿机制缺乏针对性、系统性,退耕政策缺乏稳定性,补偿不及时等问题。针对补偿机制存在的问题,从资源的外部性理论、公共产品理论和可持续发展理论出发,指出应通过建立生态银行筹集资金,应从退耕的全过程寻找补偿的对象,国家应建立专门的退耕还林还草管理机构以提高运作的效率。最后,构建从政策、资金、技术方面共同补偿的较为完善的模式。

The compensation of ecosystem is an important insurance to return the farming to grass and forest smoothly.It thinks that the compensation should consider the concrete factors of the society,economy and culture.Since the policy of returning farming to forest and grass was implemented in 1999,a series of questions appeared in that place for the unreasonable compensation of ecosystem.in the mountain area of southern Ningxia,such as adjusting farming land to forest and grass is very difficult,the mechanism of compensation lacks pertinence and systemmaticness,the policy is not so steady,the quantity of compensation is not in time.From the theory of outside of resources,theory of the public products and the sustainable development,the compensation of ecosystem is set up.First,because the returning farming to forest and grass project needs funds greatly,the country must set up eco-bank to raise the funds.Second,the government should sale the forest and meadow to local enterprise or individual and set up the market to trade the grass and forest.Third,lessons may drawn from the policy of USA to increase the compensation,if the peasants return the more farming land to grass and forest.Forth,to protect the achievements of the returning farming land and forest,government must give the peasants technological support.Finally,the net of compensation must be set up and adjusted it constantly to reach the best state.