影响儿童至老年人“位置法”记忆训练效果的因素探析

ANALYSIS OF EFFECTING FACTORS ON MEMORY TRAINING RESULTS BY“THE METHOD OF LOCI”

１１８名儿童、少年、青年、中年和老年被试参加＂位置法＂记忆训练，在训练前后对被试进行了一些认知功能的测查，以探讨被试的年龄及认知能力诸因素对记忆训练效果的影响及其预测性。结果表明：①训练前字词和图形记忆成绩、＂数字符号＂测验成绩与训练后记忆成绩相关极其显著，＂词汇＂测验成绩和想象力与训练后记忆成绩的相关也达到显著性水平；②年龄与训练后记忆效果的关系是非线性的；③除＂词汇＂成绩外，各项认知成绩均可预测训练后字词记忆成绩，训练后的图形记忆迁移效果可由＂数字符号＂测验成绩预测。

The 'Method of Loci'was applied to train subjects of children,adolescents, young,middle-aged and old adults on memory.Before and after training,subjects were tested on intellects, memory,and figural imagination.The purpose of this study was to analyze the relations and predictablity between these cognitive factors and the training effects.The results showed that: ①The performances of word and figure memory at pretest,Digit-Symbol Substitution (DSS),Vocabulary (VO) and figural imagination correlated significantly to memory at post-test; ②The relation between age and memory training effects was non-linearl;③Except VO,all cognitive factors might predict performances of word memory at post-test,and the performances of word memory at post-test,and DSS predicted figual transfer effects at post-test.