内隐记忆的证明逻辑与加工分离说（PDP）的修正模型

LOGICS FOR DEMONSTRATION OF IMPLICIT MEMORY AND THE REVISION OF THE PROCESS DISSOCIATION PROCEDURE

讨论了内隐记忆的证明逻辑和内隐与外显测验中的意识和无意识影响问题。间接证明内隐记忆的逻辑应用在功能分离实验中。它的前提假设是记忆测验都是＂纯净＂的。直接证明逻辑应用在匹配比较实验中。它认为测验中的意识和无意识影响是并存的，Ｊａｃｏｂｙ等人近期提出的加工分离说（ＰＤＰ）在匹配比较法的基础上，将测验中的意识和无意识影响进行了分离，并借用经典测验理论的公式计算这两种影响。作者认为，按照概率论关于两个随机独立事件之和与积的运算法则，必须把包含测验（ｉｎｃｌｕｓｉｏｎｔｅｓｔ）的公式修正为Ｉｎｃｌｕｓｉｏｎ＝Ｒ（１－ａ）＋Ａ（１－Ｒ）。修正过的ＰＤＰ由四个方程组成。它不仅考虑了原ＰＤＰ忽视的外显条件下的无意识缺失（１－ａ），而且可以更加确切地估计回忆概率（Ｒ）。这在数学理论上已找到了证据。

This paper discussed two logics for demonstrating implicit memory and the problem of conscious and unconscious influences within a task.The logic of indirect demonstration was used in functional dissociation experiments,the prerequisite of which was a 'pure'assumption of conscious or unconscious influence in a test.The logic of direct demonstration was used in the matched comparison experiments,the prerequisite of which was that both conscious and unconscious influences were engaged in a test.A process-dissociation procedure was proposed based on the latter by Jacoby,however,it separated conscious and unconscious influences within a test by borrowing computations from the classic test theory.The author argued that a revised equation for inclusion test should be generated,that is,Inclusion =R(1-a) + A(1-R),thus the PDP should be revised that includes four equations.It not only considered a failure of unconscious influences(1-a)in the inclusion test that the PDP omitted, but also provided more accurate estimation of recollection (R)than that of the recollection (R0) from the PDP,which had a theoretical basis of mathematics.