采空区岩层移动的动态过程与可视化研究

Research on dynamic process and visual simulation of strata movement in mined-out area

矿山开采引起上覆岩层的移动是一个复杂的动态过程。在岩层的移动和变形过程中岩体具有流变性质,同时岩层的层状组合结构在运动过程中存在时间和空间上的差异。根据流变力学理论和薄板弯曲理论研究了岩层和地表移动的时间、空间过程,推导出考虑时间因数的地表下沉基本公式和获得岩层与地表下沉时间系数的公式。并基于MATLAB软件强大的数学计算和图形功能,开发了相应的模拟地表沉陷动态过程的可视化程序,对某开采煤矿的地表沉陷动态过程进行预测。其预测结果与该矿长期的实际观测资料基本一致,从而为地表沉陷的动态过程预测提供了新的方法。

The overlying strata movement is a complicated dynamic process. In the process of strata's moving and deforming, rock mass has the property of rheology. At the same time, strata have different deformations in time-space process because of rock's laminar combinatorial structure. Based on the theory of thin plate flexure and rheology, the time and space process of the strata movement and surface subsidence and studied. The related formulas are derived to calculate the surface subsidence and time coefficient. A visual program simulating dynamic process of surface subsidence is developed in the light of powerful mathematics calculating and graphic function of the MATLAB software to predict the dynamic process of surface subsidence in a mine, and the result of prediction is in conincide with mine's long-term observation data. It also provides a new method to predict dynamic process of surface subsidence.