蛋白质组学研究技术及其在果树学中的应用

Progress in proteomics technology and its application on fruit tree

蛋白质组研究是当今生命科学发展的一个新的增长点,它能阐明基因组所表达的真正执行生命活动的全 部蛋白质的表达规律和生物功能。简要介绍了蛋白质组学产生的科学背景、研究方法和研究内容。蛋白质组学研究 方法主要有双向聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(2D-PAGE)、质谱(Mass-spectrometric)技术、蛋白质芯片(Protein chips)技术、酵母 双杂交系统(Yeast two-hybrid system)、双向高效柱层析和生物信息学等。其应用的范围包括植物群体遗传学、在个体 水平上植物对生物和非生物环境的适应机制、植物的发育和组织器官的分化过程,以及不同亚细胞结构在生理生态 过程中的作用等诸多方面。同时展望了植物蛋白质组学研究前景以及蛋白质组学技术在果树学中的应用前景。

Study on proteome is an emerging field in current life science research. The ultimate aim of new era is to illustrate expression patterns and biological function of all proteins. The concept, research method and application of proteomics in plant science are briefly introduced in this paper. It is generally acknowledged that the field of proteomics is based on the development and improvement of technology and method of two-dimensional electrophoresis(2D-E), mass spectrome-try(MS), protein chips, yeast two-hybrid system, two-dimensional chromatography and bioinformatics. In population genetics , proteomic techniques are helpful for studing genetic diversity and mutation. In individual plant, proteomic study is helpful for understanding the response of plant to biotic and abiotic environmental factors. Proteomic differences among different plant tissues or organs could be used to better understand tissue differentiation and development of embryo. Proteomic difference also exists among organelles in plant cells. Plant proteomic study could be used for understanding the mechanism that controls many physiological processes. The prospect of proteomics and its application on fruit tree is discussed.