木霉菌生防作用的生化机制研究进展

Progress in the Biochemical Mechanisms of Biocontrol Effect Research with Trichoderma

木霉菌生防作用的生化机制主要包括:代谢几丁质酶、β＿1,3＿葡聚糖酶、蛋白酶等多种胞外酶,强烈水解植物病原真菌的细胞壁,或使真菌细胞壁释放出诱导物(elicitor),启动植物的防御反应;代谢产生戊酮、辛酮、萜类、氨基酸衍生物、木霉菌素、胶霉毒素、绿木霉素、抗菌肽等抗菌素类物质;产生植物防御反应的诱导因子,诱导植物抗性;增强植物组织过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶与过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶活性,保护膜脂不被氧化;产生毒性蛋白,或以多种机制的协同拮抗作用,抑制病原菌生长与繁殖。

There were many biochemical mechanisms of the biocontrol effect of Trichoderma spp..For example, it could produce chitinases,β-1,3-glucanases,proteinases and other extracellular enzymes,which could hydrolyze the cell wall of plant disease fungi,and make the cell wall of fungi release inducer to active the protective reaction of plant.The metabolites had fifth ketone, hard ketone, terpene, amino acid derivatives, trichodermin, gliotoxin, viridin, abtibiotic peptide etc.,which were antibiotics. It could produce the induced factor to induce the antibody activity of plant.It could strength the activity of peroxidase(POD),surperoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT) and polyphenol oxidase(PPO),to protect the membrane not to be oxidated. It could produce poisonous enzymes or inhibite the growth and reproduction because of the symplastic effect of many mechanisms.