人文主义“新学术”与英国近代的绅士教育

New Learning of Humanism and the Education of Gentleman in English Modern History

文艺复兴时期,代表人文主义之“新学术”在英国的迅速传播,是其在整个欧洲传播的一个部分和结果。它得利于都铎王朝统治者的人文主义教育背景、教育的日渐世俗化和印刷技术的普及。它使英国社会出现新的教育理念,直接促成绅士教育目标的确立,导致英国教育从内容到形式都发生变化,标志了英国近代教育的开端。而绅士教育的理想和公学等教育机构对绅士教育内容的实践,又表明了绅士教育是一种以培养统治者和社会上层人士为目的精英教育,它反映了人文主义的主张,大大促进了人文主义“新学术”的传播。

As a representative of humanistic learning, the new learning spread rapidly in England during the Renaissance, being a part and result of its whole spreading in Europe. It was helped by the humanistic education background of Tudor rulers, gradual secularization of the general education, as well as popularization of printing technology. This spreading made new educational ideas come to English society and further helped to bring about direct establishment of education of gentleman, altogether with the change of English education in terms of content and form Meanwhile, the educational ideal and Public School's practice of gentleman education indicated that this education was an elite one for political rulers and high society, reflecting humanistic propositions and in turn promoting greatly the spreading of the new learning.