中国台湾栽培稻种质资源的等位酶遗传多样性

Genetic Diversity of Allozyme of Cultivated Rice in China’s Taiwan Province

分析了中国台湾省 1 591 份亚洲栽培稻 14 个等位酶基因位点的等位基因酶谱(Pgi1、Pgi2、Amp1、Amp2、Amp3、Amp4、Sdh1、Adh1、Cat1、Icd1、Est1、Est2、Est5 和 Est9)。结果表明,被检测的台湾稻种含有 47 个等位酶等位基因,占亚洲栽培稻该类等位酶己鉴定出的60个等位基因的78.3%,其等位基因频率变幅为0.001￣0.997,基因多样性指数(Ha)变幅为0.006￣0.585。平均基因多样性指数(Ht)和平均多态性指数(DP)分别为0.239和18.3%。基因频率低于 0.05 的等位基因共 24 个,占 51.1%;基因频率在 0.05￣0.95 的 18 个,占 38.3%;基因频率高于 0.95的有 5 个(Amp1-1、Adh1-1、Icd1-1、Est1-1 和 Est5-1)。1 591 个台湾品种共有 182 种等位酶基因型,且等位基因 Est9-null 仅存在于 3 个台湾品种中。遗传分化系数(Gst)和聚类分析表明,台湾品种在 Amp2、Cat1、Pgi1、Est2 和 Pgi2 的基因位点上出现了明显的籼粳差异。台湾栽培稻具有较丰富的等位酶遗传多样性,是中国栽培稻遗传多样性的重要组成部分。

Allozyme variation of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) in China’s Taiwan Province was investigated using 1 591 cultivars based on 14 allozyme loci Pgi1, Pgi2, Amp1, Amp2, Amp3, Amp4, Sdh1, Adh1, Cat1, Icd1, Est1, Est2, Est5 and Est9. The analysis showed that there existed 47 alleles in the tested materials, which covered 78.3% of total 60 alleles found in Oryza sativa L. in the world by the method of gel electrophoresis with system I. In the tested cultivars, the allele frequencies ranged from 0.001 to 0.997 and the gene diversity indexes (Ha) from 0.006 to 0.585. The average gene diversity index (Ht) and the degree of polymorphism (DP) were 0.239 and 18.3, respectively. Of 47 alleles observed, 24 ones (51%) had gene frequencies less than 0.05, and 5 ones (Amp1-1, Adh1-1, Icd1-1, Est1-1, Est5-1) higher than that of 0.95. It was found that there were 182 genotypes based on tested alleles, and allele Est9-null was only identified from 3 rice cultivars in Taiwan Province. The results of genetic differentiation index (Gst) and cluster analysis indicated that the difference of indica and japonica cultivars was significant in cultivars in Taiwan Province, especially in the loci of Amp2, Cat1, Pgi1, Est2 and Pgi2. The result reveals that cultivated rice in Taiwan Province is richer in genetic diversity in term of allozyme alleles, and is an important part of genetic diversity of Chinese rice germplasm.