表型轮回选择和分子标记辅助选择累加陆地棉产量优势相关基因

Phenotypic Recurrent Selection and MAS for Pooling High Yield Genes Related with Heterosis in Upland Cotton

为创造优良杂交种的亲本和优良杂交种,以湘杂棉 2 号、皖杂 40、中棉所 28 等生产上大面积推广的杂交组合的亲本为材料创建产量优势相关基因累加的轮回选择群体,并经过了两轮选择。结果表明,在单株水平和组合水平上,相同性状的表现完全一致,两试验点各群体的表现也完全一致。各群体间纵向(同一亲本来源的不同级群体)比较,从平均数看,两轮选择使得包括皮棉产量、籽棉产量和结铃数等性状群体间表现显著提高;从变异度看,所考察的性状在各群体中,总体上未因轮回选择而使遗传变异系数下降太快,遗传方差差异不显著。对本实验室筛选出的 4 个产量性状 SSR 分子标记进行辅助选择的结果表明,用 S1495210(与一衣分 QTL 紧密连锁)、S167255(与一衣分 QTL 连锁)、S3994100(与一籽指性状 QTL 连锁)和 S3452180(与皮棉产量和衣分 2 个产量性状 QTL 关联)进行分子标记辅助选择,效果显著。同时应用 2个标记进行衣分辅助选择时,比单用其中一个标记效率高。

In order for development of new parents for development of new hybrids,the parental materials of popularized hybrids including Xiangzamian 2, Wanza 40 and Zhongmiansuo28 were used to construct recurrent populations for Pooling High Yield Genes in Upland cotton, and two cycles of selection were completed. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the results of phenotypic recurrent selection and MAS. The phenotypic recurrent selection was effective at both individual and cross level, and in different environments for the same trait. The tendency of mean variation in initial population and all populations of two cycles showed no difference, and the means of the most traits including lint yield, seed cotton yield and boll numbers per plant of populations in the second cycle were significantly higher than that of populations in the initial cycle while the genetic variances had no significant difference among them. The effects of MAS using S1495210, S167280 and S3994100, which identified by interval mapping in our institute were closely related to the QTLs for lint yield, lint percent and seed size respectively, were significant. MAS were also efficient using the marker S3452180, identified by individual maker mapping, related to lint yield and lint percent. The results of MAS for lint percent with two markers were more efficient than those with one of two markers.