葡萄二倍体与四倍体品种间杂交胚挽救取样时期的确定

Determination of the Proper Sampling Period for Embryo Rescue from Crosses Between Diploid and Tetraploid Grape Cultivars

通过系统测定葡萄二倍体与四倍体品种间杂交胚珠的重量变化和解剖观察胚珠的发育情况,判断其败育发生时期和发生方式,并进一步通过胚珠培养试验确定取样时期。与无核品种不同,大多数有核品种与倍性不同的品种杂交后,胚珠的败育存在个体间差异。胚珠发生败育的时期与母本品种的成熟期相关,早熟品种从花后第 5 周开始出现败育胚珠,中熟品种开始败育时期比早熟品种晚 1 周,晚熟品种花后 9 周才开始败育。胚挽救的取样时期可以根据母本品种成熟期确定,早熟品种为授粉后 6～9 周,中熟品种为授粉后 7～10 周,晚熟品种为授粉后 9～12 周。

The proper sampling period is one of the most important factors of the grape in ovulo-embryo culture. Through testing the changes of the ovule weight and observing its anatomical structure, the period and mode of ovule(embryo) abortion in crosses between diploid and tetraploid grape cultivars were studied, and the ovules were cultured to determine the proper period of embryo rescue. Unlike the seedless grape varieties, the embryo abortion did not occur at one same time for most seeded varieties crossed with different ploidy, the ovule abortion was only individual action, but not colony one. So the period of sampling had some degree of freedom. The period of ovule(embryo) abortion was correlated with the mature period of the female parent variety. The abortive embryo of early-maturing variety occurred at five weeks after pollination, then the mid-maturing variety and late-maturing variety (with low abortion rate) were at six and nine weeks after pollination comparatively. The proper sampling period was between 6-9 weeks for early-, 7-10 weeks for mid-, and 9-12 weeks for late-maturing varieties after pollination based on the ripenning period of the female parent variety.